Before Consultation
ABSTRACT
Based on cognitive science and evolutionary psychology, we present a framework that shows that consumers’ valuation of products differentiated with experiential (hedonic) attributes is a consequence of consumers’ modular responses to experiential environmental cues. The key aspect of the framework is the idea of mind modularity, i.e., the idea that the mind consists of specialized mental input devices that respond to specific environmental cues. We list five types of modular responses - sensory, affective, intellectual, bodily and social. We show that sensory and affective modular responses are faster than intellectual modular responses (“hierarchy-of-modules” hypothesis). We also show that this hierarchy of modules affects product evaluation if the speed of product presentation is too fast. Finally, we show that sensory and affective modular responses can be used as a choice criterion and that such choice can violate normative rationality of decision making. |
After Consultation
ABSTRACT
Cognitive science and evolutionary psychology tell us that the mind functions in a modular fashion: Qualitatively different cues coming from a person's environment engage different, specialized mental-processing mechanisms. In three experiments we used qualitatively different marketing stimuli to engage three types of modular responses: sensory, affective and intellectual. In the first experiment, we found that subjects responded to sensory and affective stimuli faster than they did to intellectual stimuli (“hierarchy-of-modules” hypothesis). In the second experiment, the qualitative style of a stimulus engaged subjects’ intellectual modules. We showed that subjects rated a stimulus more favorably when their intellectual modules had time to complete the processing of the stimulus than they did when we presented the same stimulus too fast for intellectual modules to complete their task. However, when the style of stimulus engaged sensory and affective modules, subjects rated stimuli equally favorably regardless of the speed of presentation. In the third experiment, we showed that consumers sometimes can use their sensory and affective modular responses to choose among competing products. When they do so, their choices can violate normative rationality of decision making. We discuss the implications of our findings for product differentiation and positioning strategies. |